Copyediting

A copyedit provides proofreading corrections, with the addition of grammatical corrections and suggestions to improve stylistic consistency. Run-on sentences and fragments are corrected to improve readability.

Substantive Editing

The substantive editing process involves proofreading, copyediting, and restructuring awkward sentences and paragraphs to craft a readable document that is clear and concise. Content is assessed for inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness. Suggestions are made as necessary regarding organization and flow of information to ensure that the document achieves the objectives intended by the writer.

Proofreading

Documents submitted for proofreading are carefully reviewed to ensure correct spelling, capitalization, word usage, and punctuation, and to eliminate gross grammatical errors and formatting inconsistencies.